/*
 * Copyright (C)2005-2019 Haxe Foundation
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
 * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
 * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
 * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
 * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 * all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER
 * DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 */

package haxe;

import haxe.ds.List;

using StringTools;

private enum TemplateExpr {
	OpVar(v:String);
	OpExpr(expr:Void->Dynamic);
	OpIf(expr:Void->Dynamic, eif:TemplateExpr, ?eelse:TemplateExpr);
	OpStr(str:String);
	OpBlock(l:List<TemplateExpr>);
	OpForeach(expr:Void->Dynamic, loop:TemplateExpr);
	OpMacro(name:String, params:List<TemplateExpr>);
}

private typedef Token = {
	var s:Bool;
	var p:String;
	var l:Array<String>;
}

private typedef ExprToken = {
	var s:Bool;
	var p:String;
}

/**
	`Template` provides a basic templating mechanism to replace values in a source
	String, and to have some basic logic.

	A complete documentation of the supported syntax is available at:
	<https://haxe.org/manual/std-template.html>
**/
class Template {
	static var splitter = ~/(::[A-Za-z0-9_ ()&|!+=\/><*."-]+::|\$\$([A-Za-z0-9_-]+)\()/;
	static var expr_splitter = ~/(\(|\)|[ \r\n\t]*"[^"]*"[ \r\n\t]*|[!+=\/><*.&|-]+)/;
	static var expr_trim = ~/^[ ]*([^ ]+)[ ]*$/;
	static var expr_int = ~/^[0-9]+$/;
	static var expr_float = ~/^([+-]?)(?=\d|,\d)\d*(,\d*)?([Ee]([+-]?\d+))?$/;

	/**
		Global replacements which are used across all `Template` instances. This
		has lower priority than the context argument of `execute()`.
	**/
	public static var globals:Dynamic = {};

	// To avoid issues with DCE, keep the array iterator.
	@:ifFeature("haxe.Template.run") static var hxKeepArrayIterator = [].iterator();

	var expr:TemplateExpr;
	var context:Dynamic;
	var macros:Dynamic;
	var stack:List<Dynamic>;
	var buf:StringBuf;

	/**
		Creates a new `Template` instance from `str`.

		`str` is parsed into tokens, which are stored for internal use. This
		means that multiple `execute()` operations on a single `Template` instance
		are more efficient than one `execute()` operations on multiple `Template`
		instances.

		If `str` is `null`, the result is unspecified.
	**/
	public function new(str:String) {
		var tokens = parseTokens(str);
		expr = parseBlock(tokens);
		if (!tokens.isEmpty())
			throw "Unexpected '" + tokens.first().s + "'";
	}

	/**
		Executes `this` `Template`, taking into account `context` for
		replacements and `macros` for callback functions.

		If `context` has a field `name`, its value replaces all occurrences of
		`::name::` in the `Template`. Otherwise `Template.globals` is checked instead,
		If `name` is not a field of that either, `::name::` is replaced with `null`.

		If `macros` has a field `name`, all occurrences of `$$name(args)` are
		replaced with the result of calling that field. The first argument is
		always the `resolve()` method, followed by the given arguments.
		If `macros` has no such field, the result is unspecified.

		If `context` is `null`, the result is unspecified. If `macros` is `null`,
		no macros are used.
	**/
	public function execute(context:Dynamic, ?macros:Dynamic):String {
		this.macros = if (macros == null) {} else macros;
		this.context = context;
		stack = new List();
		buf = new StringBuf();
		run(expr);
		return buf.toString();
	}

	function resolve(v:String):Dynamic {
		if (v == "__current__")
			return context;
		if (Reflect.isObject(context)) {
			var value = Reflect.getProperty(context, v);
			if (value != null || Reflect.hasField(context, v))
				return value;
		}
		for (ctx in stack) {
			var value = Reflect.getProperty(ctx, v);
			if (value != null || Reflect.hasField(ctx, v))
				return value;
		}
		return Reflect.field(globals, v);
	}

	function parseTokens(data:String) {
		var tokens = new List<Token>();
		while (splitter.match(data)) {
			var p = splitter.matchedPos();
			if (p.pos > 0)
				tokens.add({p: data.substr(0, p.pos), s: true, l: null});

			// : ?
			if (data.charCodeAt(p.pos) == 58) {
				tokens.add({p: data.substr(p.pos + 2, p.len - 4), s: false, l: null});
				data = splitter.matchedRight();
				continue;
			}

			// macro parse
			var parp = p.pos + p.len;
			var npar = 1;
			var params = [];
			var part = "";
			while (true) {
				var c = data.charCodeAt(parp);
				parp++;
				if (c == 40) {
					npar++;
				} else if (c == 41) {
					npar--;
					if (npar <= 0)
						break;
				} else if (c == null) {
					throw "Unclosed macro parenthesis";
				}
				if (c == 44 && npar == 1) {
					params.push(part);
					part = "";
				} else {
					part += String.fromCharCode(c);
				}
			}
			params.push(part);
			tokens.add({p: splitter.matched(2), s: false, l: params});
			data = data.substr(parp, data.length - parp);
		}
		if (data.length > 0)
			tokens.add({p: data, s: true, l: null});
		return tokens;
	}

	function parseBlock(tokens:List<Token>) {
		var l = new List();
		while (true) {
			var t = tokens.first();
			if (t == null)
				break;
			if (!t.s && (t.p == "end" || t.p == "else" || t.p.substr(0, 7) == "elseif "))
				break;
			l.add(parse(tokens));
		}
		if (l.length == 1)
			return l.first();
		return OpBlock(l);
	}

	function parse(tokens:List<Token>) {
		var t = tokens.pop();
		var p = t.p;
		if (t.s)
			return OpStr(p);
		// macro
		if (t.l != null) {
			var pe = new List();
			for (p in t.l)
				pe.add(parseBlock(parseTokens(p)));
			return OpMacro(p, pe);
		}
		function kwdEnd(kwd:String):Int {
			var pos = -1;
			var length = kwd.length;
			if (p.substr(0, length) == kwd) {
				pos = length;
				for (c in p.substr(length)) {
					switch c {
						case ' '.code: pos++;
						case _: break;
					}
				}
			}
			return pos;
		}
		// 'end' , 'else', 'elseif' can't be found here
		var pos = kwdEnd("if");
		if (pos > 0) {
			p = p.substr(pos, p.length - pos);
			var e = parseExpr(p);
			var eif = parseBlock(tokens);
			var t = tokens.first();
			var eelse;
			if (t == null)
				throw "Unclosed 'if'";
			if (t.p == "end") {
				tokens.pop();
				eelse = null;
			} else if (t.p == "else") {
				tokens.pop();
				eelse = parseBlock(tokens);
				t = tokens.pop();
				if (t == null || t.p != "end")
					throw "Unclosed 'else'";
			} else { // elseif
				t.p = t.p.substr(4, t.p.length - 4);
				eelse = parse(tokens);
			}
			return OpIf(e, eif, eelse);
		}
		var pos = kwdEnd("foreach");
		if (pos >= 0) {
			p = p.substr(pos, p.length - pos);
			var e = parseExpr(p);
			var efor = parseBlock(tokens);
			var t = tokens.pop();
			if (t == null || t.p != "end")
				throw "Unclosed 'foreach'";
			return OpForeach(e, efor);
		}
		if (expr_splitter.match(p))
			return OpExpr(parseExpr(p));
		return OpVar(p);
	}

	function parseExpr(data:String) {
		var l = new List<ExprToken>();
		var expr = data;
		while (expr_splitter.match(data)) {
			var p = expr_splitter.matchedPos();
			var k = p.pos + p.len;
			if (p.pos != 0)
				l.add({p: data.substr(0, p.pos), s: true});
			var p = expr_splitter.matched(0);
			l.add({p: p, s: p.indexOf('"') >= 0});
			data = expr_splitter.matchedRight();
		}
		if (data.length != 0) {
			for (i => c in data) {
				switch c {
					case ' '.code:
					case _:
						l.add({p: data.substr(i), s: true});
						break;
				}
			}
		}
		var e:Void->Dynamic;
		try {
			e = makeExpr(l);
			if (!l.isEmpty())
				throw l.first().p;
		} catch (s:String) {
			throw "Unexpected '" + s + "' in " + expr;
		}
		return function() {
			try {
				return e();
			} catch (exc:Dynamic) {
				throw "Error : " + Std.string(exc) + " in " + expr;
			}
		}
	}

	function makeConst(v:String):Void->Dynamic {
		expr_trim.match(v);
		v = expr_trim.matched(1);
		if (v.charCodeAt(0) == 34) {
			var str = v.substr(1, v.length - 2);
			return function() return str;
		}
		if (expr_int.match(v)) {
			var i = Std.parseInt(v);
			return function() {
				return i;
			};
		}
		if (expr_float.match(v)) {
			var f = Std.parseFloat(v);
			return function() {
				return f;
			};
		}
		var me = this;
		return function() {
			return me.resolve(v);
		};
	}

	function makePath(e:Void->Dynamic, l:List<ExprToken>) {
		var p = l.first();
		if (p == null || p.p != ".")
			return e;
		l.pop();
		var field = l.pop();
		if (field == null || !field.s)
			throw field.p;
		var f = field.p;
		expr_trim.match(f);
		f = expr_trim.matched(1);
		return makePath(function() {
			return Reflect.field(e(), f);
		}, l);
	}

	function makeExpr(l) {
		return makePath(makeExpr2(l), l);
	}

	function skipSpaces(l:List<ExprToken>) {
		var p = l.first();
		while (p != null) {
			for (c in p.p) {
				if (c != " ".code) {
					return;
				}
			}
			l.pop();
			p = l.first();
		}
	}

	function makeExpr2(l:List<ExprToken>):Void->Dynamic {
		skipSpaces(l);
		var p = l.pop();
		skipSpaces(l);
		if (p == null)
			throw "<eof>";
		if (p.s)
			return makeConst(p.p);
		switch (p.p) {
			case "(":
				skipSpaces(l);
				var e1:Dynamic = makeExpr(l);
				skipSpaces(l);
				var p = l.pop();
				if (p == null || p.s)
					throw p;
				if (p.p == ")")
					return e1;
				skipSpaces(l);
				var e2:Dynamic = makeExpr(l);
				skipSpaces(l);
				var p2 = l.pop();
				skipSpaces(l);
				if (p2 == null || p2.p != ")")
					throw p2;
				return switch (p.p) {
					case "+": function() {
							return cast e1() + e2();
						};
					case "-": function() {
							return cast e1() - e2();
						};
					case "*": function() {
							return cast e1() * e2();
						};
					case "/": function() {
							return cast e1() / e2();
						};
					case ">": function() {
							return cast e1() > e2();
						};
					case "<": function() {
							return cast e1() < e2();
						};
					case ">=": function() {
							return cast e1() >= e2();
						};
					case "<=": function() {
							return cast e1() <= e2();
						};
					case "==": function() {
							return cast e1() == e2();
						};
					case "!=": function() {
							return cast e1() != e2();
						};
					case "&&": function() {
							return cast e1() && e2();
						};
					case "||": function() {
							return cast e1() || e2();
						};
					default: throw "Unknown operation " + p.p;
				}
			case "!":
				var e:Void->Dynamic = makeExpr(l);
				return function() {
					var v:Dynamic = e();
					return (v == null || v == false);
				};
			case "-":
				var e = makeExpr(l);
				return function() {
					return -e();
				};
		}
		throw p.p;
	}

	function run(e:TemplateExpr) {
		switch (e) {
			case OpVar(v):
				buf.add(Std.string(resolve(v)));
			case OpExpr(e):
				buf.add(Std.string(e()));
			case OpIf(e, eif, eelse):
				var v:Dynamic = e();
				if (v == null || v == false) {
					if (eelse != null)
						run(eelse);
				} else
					run(eif);
			case OpStr(str):
				buf.add(str);
			case OpBlock(l):
				for (e in l)
					run(e);
			case OpForeach(e, loop):
				var v:Dynamic = e();
				try {
					var x:Dynamic = v.iterator();
					if (x.hasNext == null)
						throw null;
					v = x;
				} catch (e:Dynamic)
					try {
						if (v.hasNext == null)
							throw null;
					} catch (e:Dynamic) {
						throw "Cannot iter on " + v;
					}
				stack.push(context);
				var v:Iterator<Dynamic> = v;
				for (ctx in v) {
					context = ctx;
					run(loop);
				}
				context = stack.pop();
			case OpMacro(m, params):
				var v:Dynamic = Reflect.field(macros, m);
				var pl = new Array<Dynamic>();
				var old = buf;
				pl.push(resolve);
				for (p in params) {
					switch (p) {
						case OpVar(v): pl.push(resolve(v));
						default:
							buf = new StringBuf();
							run(p);
							pl.push(buf.toString());
					}
				}
				buf = old;
				try {
					buf.add(Std.string(Reflect.callMethod(macros, v, pl)));
				} catch (e:Dynamic) {
					var plstr = try pl.join(",") catch (e:Dynamic) "???";
					var msg = "Macro call " + m + "(" + plstr + ") failed (" + Std.string(e) + ")";
					#if neko
					neko.Lib.rethrow(msg);
					#else
					throw msg;
					#end
				}
		}
	}
}
